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電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的一種，金屬箔為正極(鋁(lv)(lv)或鉭)，與正極緊貼金屬的氧(yang)化膜(氧(yang)化鋁(lv)(lv)或五(wu)氧(yang)化二鉭)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)介質(zhi)(zhi)，陰(yin)極由導電(dian)(dian)(dian)材料(liao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)可以(yi)是(shi)液(ye)體(ti)或固(gu)(gu)體(ti))和其他材料(liao)共同組成，因電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)陰(yin)極的主要(yao)部分，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)因此而得名(ming)。同時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)正負不(bu)可接(jie)錯。鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)可以(yi)分為四類(lei):引線型(xing)鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi);牛角型(xing)鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi);螺栓式鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi);固(gu)(gu)態鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

特點

特點(dian)一:單(dan)位體積的電(dian)容(rong)量非(fei)常(chang)大，比其它(ta)種類的電(dian)容(rong)大幾(ji)十(shi)到數百倍。

電解電容(rong)器特點(dian)二:額定(ding)的(de)容(rong)量可(ke)(ke)以做到非常大，可(ke)(ke)以輕易做到幾萬(wan)μf甚至幾f(但不(bu)能(neng)和比)。

電解(jie)(jie)電容器特點三:價格比其它種類具有壓倒(dao)性優勢，因為電解(jie)(jie)電容的(de)組成材(cai)料都(dou)是(shi)普通的(de)工業材(cai)料，比如鋁等(deng)等(deng)。制造電解(jie)(jie)電容的(de)設(she)備(bei)也(ye)都(dou)是(shi)普通的(de)工業設(she)備(bei)，可以大(da)規模生產，成本相對比較低。

原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)常是由(鋁/鉭)作為(wei)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極，金屬箔的絕緣氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)層(氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鋁/鉭五氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)物)作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)介質(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)其正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的不同(tong)分(fen)為(wei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的負電(dian)(dian)(dian)極由浸過電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)液(液態(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi))的薄紙/薄膜或電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)聚合物構(gou)成;鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的負電(dian)(dian)(dian)極通(tong)常采(cai)用二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)錳。由于(yu)均以(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)作為(wei)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(注意和電(dian)(dian)(dian)介質(zhi)區分(fen))，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)因(yin)而得(de)名。

應用

有極(ji)性電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容器通常(chang)(chang)在電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)路或中(zhong)頻(pin)、低頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)濾波、、信號耦合及時間(jian)常(chang)(chang)數設定、隔直(zhi)流(liu)等作用(yong)(yong)。一般不能(neng)用(yong)(yong)于交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)路，在直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)作使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時，其陽極(ji)()應(ying)與電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的正極(ji)端相連接(jie)(jie)，(負極(ji))與電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的負極(ji)端相連接(jie)(jie)，不能(neng)接(jie)(jie)反(fan)，否則(ze)會(hui)損壞。

無(wu)極性(xing)電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)通常用(yong)于音(yin)箱分頻器(qi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)視機S校正電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及(ji)單相電(dian)(dian)動機的起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。

電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)器廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)家用(yong)電(dian)器和各(ge)種電(dian)子產品中(zhong)，其容(rong)量(liang)范(fan)圍較大，一(yi)般為(wei)1~33000μF，額定(ding)工作電(dian)壓范(fan)圍為(wei)6.3~700V。其缺點是(shi)介質(zhi)損(sun)耗(hao)、容(rong)量(liang)誤差(cha)較大(******允許(xu)偏差(cha)為(wei)+100%、-20%)，耐高溫性較差(cha)，存放時間長(chang)容(rong)易失效(xiao)。

電解(jie)電容的(de)極(ji)性，注意觀察在電解(jie)電容的(de)側(ce)面有(you)"-"是負(fu)(fu)極(ji)、"+"是正(zheng)極(ji)，如果電解(jie)電容上沒(mei)有(you)標明正(zheng)負(fu)(fu)極(ji)，也可(ke)以根據它的(de)引(yin)腳的(de)長短(duan)來判斷，長腳為正(zheng)極(ji)，短(duan)腳為負(fu)(fu)極(ji)。

                                                                           

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