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固態電容全稱(cheng)為：固態鋁質(zhi)電解。它與(yu)電(dian)容（即液態(tai)鋁(lv)(lv)質(zhi)電(dian)解電(dian)容）******差別(bie)在于(yu)采(cai)用了不同的介電(dian)材(cai)料，液態(tai)鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)容介電(dian)材(cai)料為電(dian)解液，而固態(tai)電(dian)容的介電(dian)材(cai)料則為導(dao)電(dian)性(xing)高(gao)分子。由于(yu)固態(tai)電(dian)容采(cai)用導(dao)電(dian)性(xing)高(gao)分子產品作為介電(dian)材(cai)料，該材(cai)料不會(hui)與鋁產生(sheng)作用(yong)，通電(dian)后(hou)不至于(yu)發生(sheng)爆炸(zha)的(de)現象；同(tong)時它(ta)為(wei)固態(tai)產品，自然也就不存在由于(yu)受(shou)熱膨(peng)脹導致爆裂的(de)情況了。固態(tai)電(dian)容(rong)具備環保、低阻抗、高低溫穩定、耐高紋波及(ji)高信賴度等優越特性，是目(mu)前電(dian)解(jie)電(dian)容(rong)產品中最高階的(de)產品。

簡述

鑒于(yu)液態(tai)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)諸多問題(ti)，固(gu)(gu)態(tai)鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)應(ying)運而(er)生。20世(shi)紀90年代以來，鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)采(cai)用固(gu)(gu)態(tai)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)高分子(zi)材(cai)料(liao)取(qu)代電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液作為陰極，取(qu)得(de)了革新(xin)性(xing)發(fa)展(zhan)。導(dao)電(dian)(dian)高分子(zi)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)能力通常要(yao)比(bi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液高2~3個數量(liang)級，應(ying)用于(yu)鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)可(ke)(ke)以大大降低ESR、改(gai)善溫度頻率特性(xing);并且由于(yu)高分子(zi)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)可(ke)(ke)加工性(xing)能良好，易于(yu)包(bao)封，極大地(di)促進了鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)片(pian)式(shi)化發(fa)展(zhan)。目前(qian)商品(pin)化的(de)固(gu)(gu)態(tai)鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)主(zhu)要(yao)有兩類:有機半導(dao)體(ti)鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(OS-CON)和(he)聚合物導(dao)體(ti)鋁(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(PC-CON)。

有機半導體(ti)鋁電解(jie)電容的結構與液態鋁電解(jie)電容相似(si)，多采用直插立式封裝(zhuang)方式。不(bu)同之(zhi)處在(zai)于固態鋁聚合物電解(jie)電容的陰極(ji)材料用固態的有機半導體(ti)浸(jin)膏替代電解(jie)液，在(zai)提(ti)高各項電氣性能的同時有效(xiao)解(jie)決了電解(jie)液蒸發、泄漏(lou)、易燃等難題。

固(gu)態(tai)(tai)鋁聚合(he)(he)物(wu)貼片電(dian)(dian)容(rong)則是(shi)結(jie)合(he)(he)了鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)和(he)鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)而(er)形成的(de)一種獨特(te)結(jie)構(gou)。同液(ye)態(tai)(tai)鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)一樣，固(gu)態(tai)(tai)鋁聚合(he)(he)物(wu)多采用貼片形式。高導電(dian)(dian)率的(de)聚合(he)(he)物(wu)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)薄膜沉(chen)積在氧化鋁上，作為陰(yin)極(ji)，炭和(he)銀為陰(yin)極(ji)的(de)引出(chu)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，這一點(dian)(dian)與固(gu)態(tai)(tai)鉭(tan)電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)結(jie)構(gou)相似。

電容優點

1.高穩定性

固體鋁(lv)電解電容可以(yi)持續(xu)在(zai)高溫環境中(zhong)穩(wen)定工作(zuo)，使用固態鋁(lv)電解電容可以(yi)直(zhi)接提升主(zhu)板性能(neng)。同(tong)時，由(you)于其(qi)寬溫度范(fan)圍(wei)的(de)穩(wen)定阻(zu)抗，適(shi)于電源(yuan)濾(lv)波。它可以(yi)有(you)效地(di)提供穩(wen)定充(chong)沛的(de)電源(yuan)，在(zai)超頻中(zhong)尤為重要。

固態電(dian)(dian)容(rong)在(zai)高溫(wen)環境(jing)中(zhong)仍(reng)然(ran)能正(zheng)常工作(zuo)(zuo)，保(bao)持各種電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)性能。其(qi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)在(zai)全溫(wen)度范圍變化不(bu)超(chao)過15%，明(ming)顯優于液態電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)。同時固態電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)的電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)與其(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓基本無(wu)關，從(cong)而(er)保(bao)證其(qi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)壓波(bo)動環境(jing)中(zhong)穩定(ding)工作(zuo)(zuo)。

2.壽命長

固(gu)態(tai)鋁電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)具有極長的使用壽命(使用壽命超過(guo)50年)。與液態(tai)鋁電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)相比，可以算作"長命百歲"了。它不(bu)會被擊穿，也不(bu)必擔(dan)心(xin)液態(tai)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)干涸以及(ji)外泄影響主板穩(wen)定(ding)性。由于沒有液態(tai)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)諸多問(wen)題(ti)的困(kun)擾，固(gu)態(tai)鋁電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)使主板更加(jia)穩(wen)定(ding)可靠。

固(gu)態的電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)在高熱環(huan)境下不會(hui)像液態電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)那樣蒸發膨脹，甚至燃(ran)燒。即使電(dian)容(rong)的溫(wen)度超過其耐受極限，固(gu)態電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)僅(jin)僅(jin)是(shi)熔化，這樣不會(hui)引發電(dian)容(rong)金屬外殼(ke)爆裂，因而十(shi)分安全(quan)。

工作溫度直接(jie)影響(xiang)到電(dian)解電(dian)容的壽命，固態電(dian)解電(dian)容與液態電(dian)解電(dian)容在不同溫度環境(jing)下(xia)壽命明顯較(jiao)長。

3.低ESR和(he)高額定(ding)紋波電流

ESR(EquivalentSeriesResistance)指(zhi)串聯等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)非(fei)常重要的(de)(de)指(zhi)標。ESR越低(di)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)速度越快，這個性(xing)能(neng)直接影響到(dao)微(wei)處理器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)退藕性(xing)能(neng)，在高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)低(di)ESR特(te)性(xing)的(de)(de)優勢(shi)更加明顯(xian)。可以說，高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)下低(di)ESR特(te)性(xing)是固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)與液態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)能(neng)差(cha)別(bie)的(de)(de)分水嶺。固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)鋁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)ESR非(fei)常低(di)，同時具有非(fei)常小的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)耗散(san)。在高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)、高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)和高(gao)(gao)功率工(gong)作條件下固(gu)(gu)(gu)態(tai)(tai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)極低(di)ESR特(te)性(xing)可以充分吸收電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線間產生的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)幅值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，防止其(qi)對系(xi)統的(de)(de)干(gan)擾。

目(mu)前(qian)CPU的(de)(de)功(gong)耗非常大，主頻已遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超出(chu)1GHz，同時CPU的(de)(de)峰值電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達到80A或更多，輸出(chu)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)已經接(jie)近(jin)工作(zuo)臨界(jie)點(dian)。另一方(fang)面，CPU采(cai)用(yong)多種工作(zuo)模式，大部分時間(jian)處于(yu)工作(zuo)模式的(de)(de)轉換(huan)過程。當CPU由低功(gong)耗狀(zhuang)態轉為全負荷狀(zhuang)態時,這種CPU的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間(jian)(一般(ban)小于(yu)5毫秒)切換(huan)需要(yao)的(de)(de)大量能(neng)量均來(lai)自CPU供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，此時固(gu)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)高(gao)速充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性可以在瞬(shun)間(jian)輸出(chu)高(gao)峰值電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，保(bao)證充足的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源供應，確保(bao)CPU穩(wen)定工作(zuo)。

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